Laser drilling of stainless steel with nanosecond double-pulse

Nanosecond double-pulse laser drilling is reported in this paper. The double-pulse herein represents two closely conjoint pulses with 21 ns pulse duration and about 52 ns interpulse separation, which are acquired by temporal pulse shaping. Percussion drilling with such double-pulse is performed in stainless steel samples with different laser fluences, sample's thickness, repetition rates and ambient pressures. The experimental results show that the drilling rates of double-pulse drilling are more than one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional single-pulse drilling in air. Differences in the processing results between single-pulse and double-pulse with various processing parameters are investigated. In addition the ablation mechanisms of the double-pulse drilling are discussed.     

A model for the stabilization of atomic hydrogen centers in borate glasses

A previously proposed model describing the trapping site of the interstitial atomic hydrogen in borate glasses is analyzed. In this model the atomic hydrogen is stabilized at the centers of oxygen polygons belonging to B–O ring structures in the glass network by van der Waals forces. The previously reported atomic hydrogen isothermal decay experimental data are discussed in the light of this microscopic model. A coupled differential equation system of the observed decay kinetics was solved numerically using the Runge Kutta method. The experimental untrapping activation energy of 0.7×10⁻¹⁹ J is in good agreement with the calculated results of dispersion interaction between the stabilized atomic hydrogen and the neighboring oxygen atoms at the vertices of hexagonal ring structures.     

The Orbit Rigidity Matrix of a Symmetric Framework

A number of recent papers have studied when symmetry causes frameworks on a graph to become infinitesimally flexible, or stressed, and when it has no impact. A number of other recent papers have studied special classes of frameworks on generically rigid graphs which are finite mechanisms. Here we introduce a new tool, the orbit matrix, which connects these two areas and provides a matrix representation for fully symmetric infinitesimal flexes, and fully symmetric stresses of symmetric frameworks. The orbit matrix is a true analog of the standard rigidity matrix for general frameworks, and its analysis gives important insights into questions about the flexibility and rigidity of classes of symmetric frameworks, in all dimensions.     

A Commentary on the Paper Titled “Relative Permeability Analysis of Tube Bundle Models”, by J. T. Bartley and D. W. Ruth,Transport in Porous Media 36(2): 161–187 (1999)

Transport in Porous Media -     

Isolation and characterisation of products from the reactions between [Co2(nta)2(μ-OH)2]2− and different ligands. The crystal structure of [Co(nta)(N,N-Et2en)]

The crystal structure of [Co(nta)(N,N-Et₂en)] (nta = nitrilotriacetate and N,N-Et₂en = N,N-diethylethylenediamine) was determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The substituted nitrogen of N,N-diethylethylenediamine is bonded trans to the nta nitrogen with the Co—N_{(N,N Et2en)}= 2.011(5) and Co—N_(nta) = 1.950(4) Å while the cis Co—N bond is 1.953(4) Å. The Co—O bond lengths are 1.905(2) and 1.884(4) Å respectively.